Phyllophaga spp. and Cyclocephala spp. (annual white grubs)

Damage to plants

• Root damage, resulting in wilting of seedlings, poor plant growth, lodging, or seedling death.

Signs

• Wilting seedlings.
• Poor crop stands.
• Tilted, curved, or lodged plants.
• Uneven growth.
• Damaged plants are easily pulled from the soil.
• Dead heart.
• Purple coloration of the maize seedling, due to reduced phosphorus uptake.

Factors favoring insects / pest development

• Shallow, matted root systems.
• Soft, well-drained, and slightly acidic soil.
• Crops following pasture.
• Zero-tillage agriculture.

Geographic distribution

• Worldwide distribution.

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